What are the differences between an interstate and intrastate carrier?

Interstate and intrastate trucking define the scope of a carrier’s operation and determine the regulatory and compliance requirements a company must meet. The primary difference between interstate and intrastate carriers is whether the vehicle or driver crosses state lines during transport.

An interstate carrier engages in commerce that involves crossing state or international borders. Once a truck crosses one state line, it is considered interstate, regardless of how many states are involved. These carriers fall under the authority of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and must follow federal regulations. This includes minimum insurance requirements, driver qualifications, and hours of service rules, such as a limit of 11 hours of driving after ten consecutive hours off-duty. Interstate operations often involve more extensive insurance coverage, duty logs, and federal oversight, especially for fleets.

In contrast, an intrastate carrier conducts business solely within the same state and is governed by state-level rules, not full federal motor carrier safety regulations. These carriers typically face fewer federal requirements and follow local guidelines for hours of service, vehicle operation, and license compliance. For instance, in Texas, intrastate trucking may allow a 12-hour shift, which differs from federal limitations. Intrastate operations are generally limited in scope but may have different insurance requirements and coverage limits based on the state.

It’s essential to determine your status correctly. A company that performs both types of travel is regulated as an interstate carrier by the FMCSA. Knowing whether your business qualifies as interstate or intrastate ensures you're meeting the correct compliance, liability, and insurance standards and helps you avoid violations under federal motor carrier safety rules.